AI Engineer Nations
Swyx first pitched the AI Engineer Nation concept at a private Sovereign AI summit featuring Dr. He Ruimin, Chief AI Officer of Singapore, which eventually led to an invitation to discuss the concept with Minister Teo, the country’s de-facto minister for tech (she calls it Digital Development, for good reasons she explains in the pod).
This chat happened (with thanks to Jing Long, Joyce, and other folks from MDDI)!
The central pitch for any country, not just Singapore, to emphasize and concentrate bets on AI Engineers, compared with other valuable efforts like training more researchers, releasing more government-approved data, or offering more AI funding, is a calculated one, based on the fact that:
* GPU clusters and researchers have massive returns to scale and colocation, mostly concentrated in the US, that are irresponsibly expensive to replicate
* Even if research stopped today and there was no progress for the next 30 years, there are far more capabilities to unlock and productize from existing foundation models and we * Good AI Engineering requires genuine skill and is deepening enough to justify sub-specialization as a sub-industry of Software Engineering
* Companies and countries with better AI engineer workforces will disproportionately benefit from AI vs those who equivocate it as one of many equivalent priorities
* Tech progress is often framed as “the future is here but it is not evenly distributed”. The role of the AI Engineer is therefore to better distribute the state of the art to as much of humanity as possible, including the elderly, poor, and differently abled.
All of which are themes we first identified in the Rise of the AI Engineer. Singapore simply has a few additional factors that make it not just a good fit, but an economic imperative:
* English speaking, very-online country that is great at STEM
* Aging, ex-growth population (Total Fertility Rate of 1.1)
* #3 GDP per capita (PPP) country in the world
* Physically remote from major economic growth centers ex China/SEA
That basically dictates that any continued economic growth must be disconnected to geography, timezone, or headcount, or reliance on existing industrial drivers. Short of holding Taylor Swift hostage, making an intentional, concentrated bet on AI industrial policy is Singapore’s best option to keep up progress in the 21st century. As a pioneer in education policy being the primary long term determinant of economic success, this may result in Python as Singapore’s next National Language in the long run, a proposal we also discussed extensively at the RAISE retreat where this episode was recorded.
Because of upcoming election season concerns around the globe, we also took the opportunity to ask about Singapore’s recent deepfake (election integrity) law.
Full YouTube episode
Show Notes
* Josephine Teo Official Bio, Wikipedia
* Singapore National AI Strategy
* 2019 - v1
* 2023 - v2
* ICLR (machine learning conference)
* Philipp Kandal (CPO of Grab)
* Temasek
* GIC
* EDBI
* Economic Development Board (EDB)
* Michael Fay incident
* Quincy Larson
* AIBots (internal RAG system for Singapore government)
* Slovakia election incident
* National AI Strategy - Singapore
* Singapore AI Safety Institute
* AI Verify
* SkillsFuture
* Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI)
* GovTech
* NTU (Nanyang Technological University)
Timestamps
00:00:00 Introductions00:00:34 Singapore's National AI Strategy00:02:50 Ministry of Digital Development and Information00:08:49 Defining a National AI Strategy00:14:32 AI Safety and Governance00:16:50 AI Adoption in Companies and Government00:19:53 Balancing AI Innovation and Safety00:22:56 Structuring Government for Rapid Technological Change00:27:08 Doing Business with Singapore00:32:21 Training and Workforce Development in AI00:37:05 Career Transition Help for Post-AI Jobs00:40:19 AI Literacy and Coding as a Language00:43:28 Sovereign AI and Digital Infrastructure00:50:48 Government and AI Workloads00:51:02 Favorite AI Use Case in Government00:53:52 AI and Elections
Transcript
Alessio [00:00:00]: Hey everyone, welcome to the Latent Space podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO at Residence at Decibel Partners, and I'm joined by my co-host Swyx, founder of Small.ai.
Swyx [00:00:13]: Hey everyone, this is a very, very special episode. We have here Mr. Josephine Teo from Singapore. Welcome.
Josephine [00:00:19]: Hi Shawn and hi Alessio. Thank you for having me. Of course.
Swyx [00:00:23]: You are the Minister for Digital Development and Information and Second Minister for Home Affairs. We're meeting here at RAISE, which is effectively your agency. Maybe we want to explain a little bit about what Singapore is doing in AI.
Josephine [00:00:34]: Well, we've had an AI strategy at the national level for some years now, and about two years ago when generative AI became so prominent, we thought it was about time for us to refresh our national AI strategy. And it's not unusual on such occasions for us to consult widely. We want to talk to people who are familiar with the field. We want to talk to people who are active as practitioners, and we also want to talk to people in Singapore who have an interest in seeing the AI ecosystem develop. So when we put all these together, we discovered something else by chance, and it was really a bonus. This was the fact that there were already Singaporeans that were active in the AI space, particularly in the US, particularly in the Bay Area. And one of the exciting things for us was how could we also consult these Singaporeans who clearly still have a passion for Singapore, they do care about what happens back home, and they want to contribute to it. So that's how RAISE came about. And RAISE actually preceded the publication of the refresh of our national AI strategy, which took place in December last year. So the inputs of the participants from RAISE helped us to sharpen what we thought would be important in building up the AI ecosystem. And also with the encouragement of participants at RAISE, primarily Singaporeans who were doing great work in the US, we decided to raise our ambitions, literally. That's why we say AI for the public good, recognising the fact that commercial interest will certainly drive exciting developments in the industry space. But keep in mind, there is a need to make sure that AI serves the public good. And we say for Singapore and the world. So the idea is that experiments that are carried out in Singapore, things that are scaled up in Singapore potentially could have contributions elsewhere in the world. And so AI for the public good, for Singapore and the world. That's how it came about.
Alessio [00:02:50]: I was listening to some of your previous interviews, and even the choice of the name development in the ministry name was very specific. You mentioned naming is your ethos. Can you explain maybe a